BUDGETING FOR THE ECOLOGY: POLISH EXPERIENCE AND SPECIFICITY

Abstract

Introduction. In today's unstable conditions, the issues of planning and budgeting are gaining exceptional weight and relevance. Their solution makes it possible to achieve relative resistance to challenges and risks, and also contributes to more efficient functioning of enterprises in competitive conditions. In addition, taking into account the level of influence of human activity on the use of limited natural resources and on the ecology, the task of their preservation comes to the fore, which can also be solved thanks to the use of these tools, since planning and budgeting are able to provide the most optimal budget solutions and contribute to the solution of global problems of humanity.

Methods. The article is based on the methods of empirical and theoretical research. In particular, the comparison is used in the process of identifying the specifics of budgeting and financing of sustainable development in Poland and Ukraine. Analysis and synthesis are applied when establishing the differences between top-down and bottom-up budgeting methods. The systematic approach ensured the study of the peculiarities of the implementation of sustainable development financing from various sources with an emphasis on lending. Graphical methods are used to represent a systematic view of lending related to sustainable development. The use of various methods and generalizations made it possible to obtain qualitative research results that allow effective application of existing foreign experience to spread its use in Ukrainian practice in order to develop the principles of sustainable development in the post-war period.

The results. As a result of the conducted research, the experience of the EU countries, in particular Poland, on the issues of sustainable development budgeting and its most important component – environmental protection, is summarized. A critical assessment of the organizational component of budgeting ensured the construction of a simplified scheme of the EU's activities on issues of sustainable development and its financing, which can serve as a basis for improving similar activities in Ukraine. It is proposed to use the budgeting practice that is maximally adapted to a specific business entity by taking into account the disadvantages and advantages of its respective methods (top-down and bottom-up). The expediency of lending enterprises for environmental purposes is substantiated and their dynamics in the Republic of Poland are analysed. Emphasis is placed on the need to analyse factors that negatively affect activities aimed at green transformation of the economy. Attention is focused on the assessment of green washing, as one of the negative factors influencing the financing of sustainable development, as well as on the Polish experience of applying fines and ways of developing budgeting practice.

Discussion. Further scientific research should be directed to the study of transparency features and tools, including a taxonomy, which facilitate decision-making on investment projects, their rational budgeting and counteract pseudo-environmental marketing. In the future, it is also relevant to study the experience and develop a methodology for assessing lending entities (justification of the choice of indicators, identification of risks, etc.), to study the content and composition of reporting as a source of assessment, as well as to conduct a detailed analysis of various forms of financing and budgeting for sustainable development This will enable the rational use of national regulators and supervisory authorities to introduce an effective control system, and will also contribute to the development of a new strategy to counteract the negative manifestations that impede the implementation of sustainable development.